1. Electrolytic capacitors
ʻO nā capacitors electrolytic nā capacitors i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka papa oxidation ma ka electrode ma o ka hana ʻana o ka electrolyte ma ke ʻano he insulating layer, a maʻamau ka mana nui.ʻO ka electrolyte he wai, he mea like me ka jelly i waiwai i nā ion, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā capacitors electrolytic he polar, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā e hana ai, pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka uila o ka electrode maikaʻi o ka capacitor ma mua o ka puʻupuʻu maikaʻi ʻole.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka mana kiʻekiʻe o nā capacitors electrolytic no nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi leakage nui, kahi inductance nui a me ke kūʻē, kahi hewa hoʻomanawanui nui, a me ke ola pōkole.
Ma waho aʻe o ka polar electrolytic capacitors, aia kekahi polar electrolytic capacitors.Ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei, ʻelua ʻano o 1000uF, 16V electrolytic capacitors.I waena o lākou, ʻaʻole polar ka nui, a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi he polar.
(Non-polar a me ka polar electrolytic capacitors)
ʻO ka loko o ka capacitor electrolytic paha he electrolyte wai a i ʻole polymer paʻa, a ʻo ka mea electrode he alumini (Aluminum) a i ʻole tantalum (Tandalum).ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau polar aluminum electrolytic capacitor i loko o ka hale, ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻelua o nā electrodes aia kahi papa o ka pepa fiber i hoʻomoʻi ʻia i ka electrolyte, a me kahi papa o ka insulating pepa i lilo i cylinder, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pūpū alumini.
(Ka hana i loko o ka capacitor electrolytic)
Ke wehe nei i ka capacitor electrolytic, hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia kona ʻano kumu.I mea e pale ai i ka evaporation a me ka leakage o ka electrolyte, ua paa ka capacitor pin wahi me sealing rubber.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hōʻike pū ka helu i ka ʻokoʻa o ka leo kūloko ma waena o nā capacitors electrolytic polar a me non-polar.Ma ka mana like a me ka pae uila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka capacitor electrolytic non-polar e like me ka nui o ka polar.
(Ka hana i loko o nā capacitors electrolytic non-polar a polar)
Loaʻa kēia ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻokoʻa nui i ka wahi o nā electrodes i loko o nā capacitors ʻelua.Aia ka electrode capacitor non-polar ma ka hema a ʻo ka electrode polar ma ka ʻākau.Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻokoʻa ʻāpana, ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa o nā electrodes ʻelua, a ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka mānoanoa o ka electrode capacitor polar.
(Electrolytic capacitor alumini pepa o ka laula like ole)
2. Pahū kapasitor
Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka volta i hoʻohana ʻia e ka capacitor ma mua o kona kūpaʻa ʻana, a i ka wā e hoʻohuli ʻia ai ka polarity o ka volta o ka polar electrolytic capacitor, e piʻi aʻe ka capacitor leakage current, e hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela o loko o ka capacitor, a me ka electrolyte. e hoʻopuka i ka nui o ke kinoea.
I mea e pale aku ai i ka pahū capacitor, aia ʻekolu mau ʻūhā i kaomi ʻia ma luna o ka hale capacitor, i maʻalahi ka haʻi ʻana o ka capacitor ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi kūloko.
(Ka pahu pahu pahu ma ka piko o ka capacitor electrolytic)
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kekahi mau capacitors i ke kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole kūpono ke kaomi ʻana i ka piko o luna, ʻo ke kaomi i loko o ka capacitor e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau sealing ma lalo o ka capacitor, i kēia manawa ua hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia ke kaomi i loko o ka capacitor. he pahū.
1, non-polar electrolytic capacitor pahū
Hōʻike ka kiʻi ma lalo nei i kahi capacitor electrolytic non-polar ma ka lima, me ka mana o 1000uF a me ka volta o 16V.Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka volta ma mua o 18V, piʻi koke ka leakage, a piʻi ka mahana a me ke kaomi i loko o ka capacitor.ʻO ka hopena, ua hāmama ka sila ʻōpala ma lalo o ka capacitor, a ua haki nā electrodes kūloko e like me ka popcorn.
(ʻaʻole polar electrolytic capacitor overvoltage pahū)
Ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi thermocouple i kahi capacitor, hiki ke ana i ke kaʻina hana e hoʻololi ai ka mahana o ka capacitor e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka volta.Hōʻike ka helu ma lalo nei i ka capacitor non-polar i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka volta, i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka volta i hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o ke kumu kūʻai o ka volta, ke hoʻomau nei ka mahana o loko e hoʻonui i ke kaʻina hana.
(Ka pilina ma waena o ka volta a me ka mahana)
Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma lalo nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke au e kahe ana ma ka capacitor i ka wā like.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o kēia manawa ke kumu nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela o loko.Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻonui ʻia ka uila, a i ka piʻi ʻana o kēia manawa, e hoʻoheheʻe ka mana o ka pūʻulu mana.ʻO ka hope loa, ke ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia manawa ma mua o 6A, pahū ka capacitor me ka leo nui.
(Ka pilina ma waena o ka voltage a me ke au)
Ma muli o ka nui o loko o ka capacitor electrolytic non-polar a me ka nui o ka electrolyte, ʻo ke kaomi i hana ʻia ma hope o ke kahe nui ʻana he nui, ka hopena o ka pahu hoʻomaha kaomi ma ka piko o ka pūpū ʻaʻole i haki, a ʻo ka lāʻau sila ma lalo. o ka capacitor ua puhi hamama.
2, polar electrolytic capacitor pahū
No nā capacitors electrolytic polar, hoʻohana ʻia kahi volta.Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka capacitor ma mua o ka volta kūpaʻa o ka capacitor, e piʻi aʻe ka leakage o kēia manawa, e hoʻoulu ai ka capacitor i ka wela a pahū.
Hōʻike ka kiʻi ma lalo nei i ka capacitor electrolytic palena, nona ka mana o 1000uF a me ka volta o 16V.Ma hope o ka overvoltage, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaʻina hana o loko ma o ka pahu hoʻomaha hoʻomaha kiʻekiʻe, no laila e pale ʻia ke kaʻina pahū capacitor.
Hōʻike kēia kiʻi i ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o ka capacitor me ka piʻi ʻana o ka volta i kau ʻia.Ke hoʻokokoke mālie nei ka volta i ka volta kūpaʻa o ka capacitor, piʻi ke koena o kēia manawa o ka capacitor, a piʻi mau ka mahana o loko.
(Ka pilina ma waena o ka volta a me ka mahana)
ʻO ke kiʻi ma lalo nei ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka leakage o ka capacitor, ka capacitor electrolytic 16V nominal, i ke kaʻina hoʻāʻo, i ka wā i ʻoi aku ai ka uila ma mua o 15V, hoʻomaka ka leakage o ka capacitor e ala aʻe.
(Ka pilina ma waena o ka voltage a me ke au)
Ma o ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua o nā capacitors electrolytic mua ʻelua, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka palena o ka volta o ia 1000uF mau capacitors electrolytic maʻamau.I mea e pale ai i ka haʻihaʻi kiʻekiʻe-voltage o ka capacitor, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka capacitor electrolytic, pono e waiho i ka palena kūpono e like me ka fluctuations voltage maoli.
3，nā capacitors electrolytic i ka moʻo
Ma kahi kūpono, hiki ke loaʻa ka capacitance ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka capacitance kūʻē i ka volta ma o ka hoʻohui like a me ka moʻo, kēlā me kēia.
(Electrolytic capacitor popcorn ma hope o ka pahū overpressure)
I kekahi mau noi, ʻo ka volta i hoʻopili ʻia i ka capacitor ʻo ia ka volta AC, e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā capacitors o nā mea haʻi'ōlelo, ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa o kēia manawa, nā capacitor hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e koi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā capacitors electrolytic non-polar.
Ma ka manual mea hoʻohana i hāʻawi ʻia e kekahi mau mea hana capacitor, ua hāʻawi ʻia hoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā capacitors polar maʻamau e ka moʻo hope-i-hope, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻelua capacitors i ka moʻo pū, akā ʻo ka polarity ke kū'ē i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena o ka non- polar capacitors.
(ka mana electrolytic ma hope o ka pahū overvoltage)
ʻO kēia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka capacitor polar i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka volta mua, ka hoʻohuli ʻana, ʻelua capacitors electrolytic back-to-back series i ʻekolu mau hihia o ka capacitance non-polar, leakage hoʻololi i kēia manawa me ka piʻi ʻana o ka volta noi.
1. Volta i mua a me ka leakage au
ʻO ke au e kahe ana ma ka capacitor e ana ʻia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi resistor i ka moʻo.I loko o ka laulā hoʻomanawanui o ka capacitor electrolytic (1000uF, 16V), hoʻonui mālie ʻia ka volta i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka 0V e ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka leakage o kēia manawa a me ka uila.
(ka capacitance moʻo maikaʻi)
Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma lalo nei i ka pilina ma waena o ka leakage au a me ka voltage o ka polar aluminum electrolytic capacitor, ʻo ia ka pilina nonlinear me ke au leakage ma lalo o 0.5mA.
(Ka pilina ma waena o ka volta a me ke au ma hope o ka moʻo i mua)
2, hoʻohuli i ka uila a me ka leakage o kēia manawa
Ke hoʻohana nei i ke au like e ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka volta kuhikuhi i noi ʻia a me ka leakage capacitor electrolytic i kēia manawa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka kiʻi ma lalo nei i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka volta hoʻohuli i ʻoi aku ma mua o 4V, e hoʻomaka ana ka leakage e piʻi wikiwiki.Mai ka slope o ka pihi aʻe, ua like ka capacitance electrolytic huli ʻana me ka pale ʻana o 1 ohms.
(Vale Voltage Reverse Ka pilina ma waena o ka volta a me ke au)
3. Back-to-back moʻo capacitors
Hoʻopili ʻia ʻelua capacitors electrolytic like ʻole (1000uF, 16V) i hope i hope i ke ʻano e hana ai i ka capacitor electrolytic like ʻole polar, a laila ana ʻia ka pihi pili ma waena o kā lākou volta a me ka leakage.
(Polarity series capacitance maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole)
Hōʻike ka kiʻi ma lalo nei i ka pilina ma waena o ka volta capacitor a me ka leakage o kēia manawa, a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka leakage o kēia manawa ma hope o ka ʻoi aku o ka volta i hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o 4V, a ʻo ka amplitude o kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1.5mA.
A he mea kahaha iki keia ana, no ka mea, ke ike nei oe i ka leakage o keia mau capacitors hope-i-back series i oi aku mamua o ka leakage au o ka capacitor hookahi ke hoohanaia ka volta i mua.
(ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka volta a me ke au ma hope o ka hopena maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole)
Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā kumu manawa, ʻaʻohe hoʻāʻo hou ʻia no kēia hanana.Malia paha kekahi o nā capacitors i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka capacitor o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka volta hope i kēia manawa, a ua poino i loko, no laila ua hana ʻia ka ʻōkuhi hoʻāʻo ma luna.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-25-2023